8/16/2007
Top30商學院- No.11 - Dartmouth College (Tuck)
中文由馬登獨創翻譯,要轉載請著名出處。
Think Small. Think intimate. Think great outdoors. That’s exactly what life at Tuck is all about. The country’s first graduate school of business offers one of the smallest programs among the top 30 schools, with fewer than 250 students in each class. The small class size – coupled with the school’s location in rural Hanover, New Hampshire – results in a close-knit community in which everyone knows everyone else.
身為美國第一家商管類研究生院,塔克商學院有著Top30院校中幾乎最小的班級,一屆僅僅約250人。因為班級小,也因為地處鄉下(Hanover, New Hampshire)讓塔克的MBA班級形成一種同學間彼此都很熟悉的團隊意識。
Academically, Tuck’s MBA program focuses on turning out competent general managers. Most of the first year curriculum consists of core courses in the main management disciplines, with the second year left open for electives. No specific majors are offered. First year students complete most of their coursework in the same study group, which Tuck emphasizes as a way for students to grow closer and develop their teamwork skills. More than the average top program, Tuck is looking for students who demonstrate strong teamwork skills, so make sure that this is a main theme in your Tuck application.
教育上來說,塔克的MBA著重在培養出有能力的總經理們。第一年的多數核心課程涵蓋了各種管理學原則,然後第二年則留下讓你選修的空間。塔克並不提供特別的主修科目。第一年的過程裡面,學生會跟同一個小組的人完成絕大多數的課程,此一”一起學習、一同培養團隊精神”的教學方式是塔克所強調的。與其他頂級MBA課程最大的不同之處就在於塔克希望學生能有強大的團隊合作能力。在你申請過程中請多多強調此點。
Tuck is also serious about leadership, and one unique part of the first year experience is the Tuck Leadership Forum, which runs throughout the first year. The Forum is a series of mini-courses in topics such as management communication and entrepreneurial management, al designed to help improve students’ leadership skills. Students then complete a team project, such as creating a business plan or doing consulting work for an existing business. The program also provides students with a chance to work closely with faculty and plug into Tuck’s alumni network while still in school.
塔克也很重視領導力。在第一年課程中持續進行的塔克領導力論壇(Tuck Leadership Forum)就是一個與眾不同的體驗。此論壇由一系列的小課程組成,內容包含管理溝通、創業管理等,都是用來培養與增進學生的領導能力。學生最後需要完成一個團隊項目(專案),例如寫出一個創業計畫書或是對已存的事業進行諮詢顧問診斷服務。此作法也提供了在學學生一個與塔克業界校友們面對面合作的機會。
Speaking of the alumni, what Tuck lacks in size is made up for in devotion. Tuck’s alumni have been described by some as fierce in their loyalty to the school and to each other. Tuck touts its alumni’s 60 percent plus annual giving rate as further evidence of this dedication. While the school may not have alum in every company, Tuck students are known to get good results from the alumni they do call upon. In your own application, make sure that you can provide convincing proof that you, too, will be active alum, preferably by demonstrating loyalty to your undergraduate school.
提到校友組織,塔克所缺乏的「人數」恰巧由校友的凝聚力所彌補。 塔克的校友會長久以來都被形容成所有學校畢業校友中對學校以及對彼此間最投入最忠誠的一群人。 每年60%以上的校友捐款(註:不知以何為基準)可以作為一個證明。塔克的校友雖然沒有像其他某些商學院一般,遍佈每一家公司,但是學生們通常可以在有校友任職的公司得到良好的回應。請在你申請的時候確認你能提供具有說服力的證據去證明你也會是一個忠誠、活躍並幫助未來學(師)弟妹的好校友。
Tuck’s remote location means that it is not for everyone. Some applicants, especially those with spouses, often find it difficult to relocate to Hanover. To its credit, Tuck goes out of its way to make the transition a smooth one, often providing spouses and partners with fulltime work around campus. Still, only slightly more than half of Tuck’s admitted applicants actually enroll in the program. This means two things for you: 1 Make sure that you really want to attend Tuck before you apply. It’s a great school, but its size and location sometimes turn people off. Save yourself a lot of time if your think these aspects of the program will be a problem for you. 2. Even more importantly, you really need d to demonstrate why Tuck is for you. Tuck’s students tend to be passionate about their school, and you need to demonstrate this same passion in your application. Visiting the school – especially for your interview – can go a long way toward helping you make your case. Also, think about applying in Tuck’s Early Action round if you are sure that Tuck is where you want to be. This relatively new program is a great chance for you to show your commitment to the school.
地處偏遠代表了塔克並不是適合每一個人的選擇。部分的申請者,尤其那些有家眷的,常常會發現要搬到漢諾瓦住挺麻煩的。因此塔克想出了辦法,就是讓學生的另一半在校園附近能夠找到全職工作。(按:這神,沒工作都可以變出來,難道是賣飯盒嗎?)但是,已經錄取的學生仍舊只有約比一半多一些最後會選擇進入塔克學習。這代表了兩件事,1.在申請前就確認你想念這家學校。塔克是間好學校,但是他的學生數量以及地理位置有時會讓人猶疑不前。如果上述因素是你十分在意的,就省些時間省點心別申請了2. 更重要的是,你必須了解並表達為何塔克適合你。塔克的學生通常對他們的學校展現極大的熱誠與信心,你必須在申請時同樣表現熱情,例如去學校參訪,可能可以大大幫助你。另外,如果你確定了這家學校是你要的,請多考慮參加塔克的”最早輪”(比第一輪還早你看有多早)面試。 較多數頂尖牛校而言,塔克成立較短的課程需要你的忠誠與奉獻。
Tuck isn’t the household name that Stanford and Harvard are, but its general management program is known to be one of the best in the country. Tuck graduates have a strong reputation in consulting and financial services, particularly on the East Coast, where nearly two-thirds of its graduates end up living after school. If you are considering a career in general management, or are interested in consulting or banking, don’t overlook Tuck. If you can demonstrate that the school’s environment is right for you, and make a case for why the general management approach is what you want out of business school, then Tuck will give your application strong consideration
塔克並不如史丹佛(史坦福)或哈佛這般家喻戶曉,但他的general management課程是企業界公認美國最好的課程之一。塔克的畢業生在管理諮詢(顧問)業以及金融服務業有著良好聲譽,尤其在東岸,因為有三分之二的畢業生選擇在東岸落腳發展。 如果你考慮綜合管理這條職業生涯、或是對塔克的畢業生在管理諮詢(顧問)業以及金融服務業有興趣、別忽視塔克這間學校。如果你能說明塔克的環境有多適合你、以及舉例說明general management (綜合管理)的教學模式為何是你喜歡的商學院教學方式,你將很有機會進入這家好學校。
補充資料
1. 歷史排名
TUCK RANKINGS
Full-time MBA rank:
2004: 10 1994: 13
2002: 10 1992: 6
2000: 16 1990: 6
1998: 10 1988: 3
1996: 10
2.GMAT
GMAT score of newest entering class:
Mean GMAT score: 710
Median GMAT score: 710
Middle 80% range GMAT score
From: 660 to: 760
3. Career direction:
Career Directions: Function Areas
What percent of graduating students accepted jobs in the following function areas?
40% Consulting (Strategic Planning, Management, etc.)
37% Finance/Accounting (Accounting/Auditing, Corporate Finance, Investments, Treasury and Financial Analysis, Public Finance, Real Estate, etc.)
6% General Management (General Services)
NA% Human Resources
9% Marketing/Sales (Public Relations, Product Management, Market Research, Advertising, etc.)
NA% Management Information Systems (MIS)
NA% Operations/Logistics (Logistics, Purchasing, Engineering, etc.)
8% Other
Career Directions: Industries
What percent of graduating students accepted jobs in the following industries?
NA% Government (Federal, State, Local, Military)
32% Consulting
11% Consumer Products
34% Financial Services
5% Manufacturing
NA% Media/Entertainment
1% Nonprofit
NA% Petroleum/Energy
5% Pharmaceutical/Biotechnology/Healthcare Products
6% Real Estate
5% Technology
1% Other
(馬登老實說: Tuck根本就是超級consulting core school...)
4. 畢業生評論
Graduate Comments
There are so many reasons why I loved my time at Tuck -- the approachable faculty, my amazing classmates, classes that made me do mental gymnastics, and a job that I am truly excited to leave school for. How many other places can you see half your class on the ski slope on a Friday? How many other schools run a 50-mile overnight hike? How many schools go to meet Warren Buffett? And how students at top schools can claim that they know their whole class, well? I am so excited and proud to be an alumna of Tuck. --Finance
Tuck has the reputation of "Tuck Love" -- strong community, strong loyalty of alumni. After two years, I can freely admit I drank the Kool-Aid! It is not a place for everybody -- there is little anonymity. But for a fully rewarding, life-enriching experience, Tuck is fantastic! --Information Technology
Tuck is a school where student voices are heard. Students can meet with the deans and offer suggestions about programs, curriculum, anything at all. --Consulting
There are so many reasons why I loved my time at Tuck -- the approachable faculty, my amazing classmates, classes that made me do mental gymnastics, and a job that I am truly excited to leave school for. How many other places can you see half your class on the ski slope on a Friday? How many other schools run a 50-mile overnight hike? How many schools go to meet Warren Buffett? And how students at top schools can claim that they know their whole class, well? I am so excited and proud to be an alumna of Tuck. --Finance
Tuck has the reputation of "Tuck Love" -- strong community, strong loyalty of alumni. After two years, I can freely admit I drank the Kool-Aid! It is not a place for everybody -- there is little anonymity. But for a fully rewarding, life-enriching experience, Tuck is fantastic! --Information Technology
Tuck is a school where student voices are heard. Students can meet with the deans and offer suggestions about programs, curriculum, anything at all. --Consulting
Tucks sells itself as a general management school but is still extremely focused on investment banking or consulting. Students considering other career paths should be cautious about coming to Hanover, New Hampshire. Tuck抯 isolation and small number of students make it difficult to find a job in other areas. --Finance
Tuck is a an amazing place. However, it is a petri dish socially to the point that it can become unhealthy. With no other outlet besides your classmates (because of the location in a small college town), it can be overwhelming, especially when you witness a bunch of 28-year-olds regularly partying and acting like they're 19 again. The close-knit nature of the school is one of its biggest assets, but in some ways and certainly for some people, is a bit too much. --Consulting
Tuck is not for everyone, but it is outstanding for the right type of person. For my friends who fit the mold, I recommend it highly.--Finance
Tuck was a truly rewarding experience from a personal and professional development stand point. The education was top notch, but the truly special aspect of the program was its intimate nature. As a result, I've made more lifelong friends than I could ever have imagined. While I worked hard at Tuck, I had an absolute blast.--Finance
I had a great time at Tuck. The teaching is excellent, professors take the time to know you as a person, I was able to achieve my career goals and make a career change and came away with a fabulous set of friends.--Investment Banking
Tuck has been an tranformative experience. The strong general managment core combined with leadership training has made me ready to tackle almost anything.--Finance
8/14/2007
Top30商學院- No.10 - Columbia Business School

哥倫比亞大學商學院Columbia Business School簡介
中文由馬登獨創翻譯,要轉載請著名出處。
中文介紹:
哥倫比亞大學商學院無疑是最"金融"的一所商學院。學生對於學校給予的金融類學科教育、以及接觸華爾街高管的機會,都感到十分的激賞。校友網絡也挺好,因為幾乎每一間華爾街大牛公司都有滿滿的哥大校友。正因為如此,幾乎每個瞄準財務金融類作為"MBA畢業後"工作的人都會把哥大列為申請目標之一。如果你是以上所述的其中一人,你所需要的是打起精神去想如何在眾多背景類似的牛人群中突出、區別自己。從今天開始好好思考你跟那些投資銀行家(I-banker)以及想去投行的人有什麼不同之處吧。 ##CONTINUE##
如你所料,哥大的核心(必修)課程著重財金,並搭配圍繞著財金的相關課程。第一年的課程包含Financial Accounting, Corporate Finance, and Global Economics等,Marketing, Strategy等其他必修課程則是在半學期修完(編按:此處可能有誤,待我問問我哥大朋友確認)。雖然非財金類課程也很強,但你得了解你多數時間都還是會花在財金類課程上。因此你在申請時必須能藉由過去工作經驗、Gmat成績等條件證明你的計量分析能力足以負荷課程。
哥大MBA除了財金類之外特別著重的領域是創業學(entrepreneurship),學校提供選修課程包含
“Introduction ot Venturing” 以及 “Launching New Ventures.” 在課堂上之外,創業學在課外也有學習與實踐的機會。1996年起,哥大的Eugene Land Entrepreneurial Initiative Fund開始投資哥大商學院學生撰寫的創業企劃書中,值得投資的標的。這個基金運作模式不像所謂的創業計畫比賽,而更像一家創業投資(風險投資)公司,持有部分新創公司的股份。對於想打傳統創業計畫比賽的同學,哥大跟柏克萊大學Hass School of Business 合辦了一個社會創業競賽 (近年來很火的,詳見我的blog),提供了種子資金給有遠景的社會企業。總之,如果你唸MBA是為了創業,請把你的idea在essay以及interview裡面說清楚講明白給面試官聽。
哥大在課程中也相當強調了國際觀的重視。 Chazen Institute of International Business ... (此段寫的不明不白,總之是說明哥大有22個交換學校可以去,還有些study tours,該組織還會提供獎助金給四個人云云)
雖然同學們普遍承認彼此間有競爭意識,但是他們也都認為哥大並非割喉戰的學習環境(<--登按: 我強烈懷疑這句話的真實性,就跟懷疑哈佛商學院說同學們都很相親相愛一樣,挖哈哈!) 哥大同學認為哥大的MBA同學間是彼此尊敬並互助的。在MBA課程的第一年,同學們以60人為一組,進行跟這60個同學一起上核心課程的第一年。哥大鼓勵組內的合作與互信,所以同學必須要展現與同儕間和睦相處的能力。 另外,如同其他在大城市裡的商學院一樣,哥大有時候也要為了展現學生"跟同學相處時間少"的信譽而戰 (what the hack is that? I have no idea),所以請在面試中除了展現對課程興趣之外,也要展現你積極參與課外/校外活動的興趣與意願,避免陷入 " 跟同學相處時間多"的刻板印象。 (什麼跟什麼阿,請哥大同學解釋給我聽唄) 哥大商學院中除了財務金融以外的系所並不如財金系一般出名,有些畢業生甚至認為其他系所就是在財金系面前硬是矮了一截。然而,學校的行政人員有著"回應外界需求走出去原本侷限"的好名聲。如果您對於非財金類課程有興趣,即便是組織行為學以及非營利組織管理學,哥大都值得你一探究竟。只要你有足夠的計量技巧與財金專家們一同學習時不至落後,你對非財金學科的興趣則可以讓你鶴立雞群,在申請中具有特別的作用。
英文原文版權歸原作者所有:
Columbia
Make no mistake, Columbia is a finance school above all else. Students rave about the school’s finance faculty and the access that they have to top Wall Street executives. The alumni network doesn’t hurt either – nearly every Wall Street firm is stacked with Columbia alumni. The result is that most finance-minded applicants consider Columbia. If you are one of them, you will need to especially focus on differentiating yourself from a large pool of similar-sounding applicants. Therefore, start thinking now about what makes you different from the rest of the investment bankers (and aspiring bankers) who apply to Columbia.
As you might expect, Columbia’s core curriculum is heavy in finance and related courses. First-years take required courses in Financial Accounting, Corporate Finance, and Global Economics. Among others. Non-finance topics such as Marketing and Strategy, however, are studied in half-term courses. While these courses are also strong, be aware that much of your time will be spent on finance-related topics. Of course, you will there fore need to demonstrate an ability to handle a quantitative workload, ideally through your GMAT score and relavant work experience.
One academic area that Columbia emphasizes outside of finance is entrepreneurship. Some of the schools’ most popular electives include “Introduction ot Venturing” and “Launching New Ventures.” Entrepreneurship is also studied and pursued outside of the classroom. Launched in 1996, the Eugene Land Entrepreneurial Initiative Fund provides seed capital ot worthy business plans crafted by Columbia students. The Fund acts less like a traditional business plan competition and more like a venture capital firm, taking an equity stake in any Columbia start-up with promise For students looking for a more conventional business plan competition, Columbia has joined forces with UC Berkeley’s Hass School of Business to run the Social Venture Competition, which provides seed money to promising start-ups whose goal is to have a positive social impact. The bottom line is that if you are interested in an MBA for entrepreneurial reasons, let the Columbia admissions committee hear about it in your essays and your interview.
Columbia also emphasizes that international aspect of its curriculum. Each semester, the schools’ Chazen Institute of International Business offers fellowships to up to four students for their in advancing Columbia’s global approach both inside and outside of the school. The Chazen Institute also runs an exchange program the gives students the opportunity to study abroad at one of 22 partner schools, as well as participate in international study tours. Keep this in mind as you craft your story for why you will fit in at Columbia.
Although they acknowledge that their peers are competitive, students and grads emphasize that Columbia is not cutthroat environment. Most consider Columbia to be a competitive but respectful and helpful community. Students spend their entire first year in the same cluster of 6 0students, taking their core classes together. Like other schools, Columbia encourages cooperation and trust within these clusters. As such, you will need to demonstrate the ability to get along with your peers. Also, like other schools in big cities, Columbia sometimes has to battle the reputation that its students spend less time on campus with each other. Demonstrating your enthusiasm for the program and a willingness to get involved in extracurricular activities will help show that you don’t fit this stereotype.
Columbia’s other departments aren’t as well known as its finance department, and some grads have commented that these other departments take a backseat to finance. However, the school’s administration has a reputation for going out of its way to respond to students’ concerns. If you are interested in an area outside of finance, particularly something as far as removed such as organizational behavior or nonprofit management, Columbia may be worth a look. Your interest outside of finance alone will help you stand out, provided that you can prove that you have the quantitative skills and business acumen to learn alongside the finance crowd.
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-- 補充資料 1.請點擊上面圖片查詢詳細排名信息。
2. 歷史排名紀錄
COLUMBIA RANKINGS
Full-time MBA rank:
| 2004: | 8 | 1994: | 8 |
| 2002: | 7 | 1992: | 9 |
| 2000: | 7 | 1990: | 8 |
| 1998: | 6 | 1988: | 14 |
| 1996: | 6 |
EMBA rank:
| 2003: | 15 | 1997: | -- |
| 2001: | 18 | 1993: | -- |
| 1999: | -- |
Exec Ed rank:
| 2003: | 7 | 1997: | 7 |
| 2001: | 9 | 1993: | -- |
| 1999: | 10 | 1991: | 8 |
3. GMAT
Middle 80% range GMAT score
From: 660 to: 760
4. Career Direction
Career Directions: Function Areas
What percent of graduating students accepted jobs in the following function areas?
24% Consulting (Strategic Planning, Management, etc.)
50% Finance/Accounting (Accounting/Auditing, Corporate Finance, Investments, Treasury and Financial Analysis, Public Finance, Real Estate, etc.)
5% General Management (General Services)
1% Human Resources
8% Marketing/Sales (Public Relations, Product Management, Market Research, Advertising, etc.)
4% Management Information Systems (MIS)
4% Operations/Logistics (Logistics, Purchasing, Engineering, etc.)
4% Other
Career Directions: Industries
What percent of graduating students accepted jobs in the following industries?
1% Government (Federal, State, Local, Military)
19% Consulting
4% Consumer Products
55% Financial Services
7% Manufacturing
5% Media/Entertainment
1% Nonprofit
1% Petroleum/Energy
1% Pharmaceutical/Biotechnology/Healthcare Products
5% Real Estate
1% Technology
NA% Other
5. Graduate CommentOn a professional basis, the program is a great platform to interview with many companies in different fields. Columbia is especially strong in the fields of finance and consulting, and being in New York City means that you have easy access to many recruiters in such fields. The quality and prestige of the program means that, even if you are a career-switcher, employers will look at your resume seriously and will most likely interview you. --Investment Banking
Columbia Business School is challenging but with hard work, an intelligent person can make it. The best part of CBS was the student body. Everyone is extremely smart -- some may be too smart, with the ego to go with the intellect. --Finance
I think that Columbia's greatest asset, access to New York City, is also one of its greatest liabilities. The student body is very individualistic and despite the school's attempts to change things, the 'I' is still more prevalent than the 'we'. Everyone is extremely proud of the school, but doesn't like to stick around after classes as there is always so much to do in the city. However I think the benefit of access to professionals at the top of their fields in finance, working here in NYC, outweighs this: Many times I have taken the subway downtown to meet with various firms during the day and many students work part-time at a number of boutique financial consultancies, banks and hedge funds.--Investment Banking
Generally speaking, I am very satisfied with all of the electives, even though getting into the "hot" classes can be a challenge (the school has responded to student feedback and is changing the bidding system next year, which should improve the situation). Core classes are a little hit-and-miss. I would like to see a greater global focus because the current curriculum is still very much U.S.-centric. --Finance
It has changed my perspectives and broadened my horizons. During these 2 years, the opportunities available to do exciting and interesting things were permanent and incredible. In addition, the interaction with the other students was fantastic. After graduation, again, the opportunities that I feel the MBA provided me were completely out of reach before coming to my MBA.--Consulting
Since I evaluated a number of schools when I applied to business school, I believe that I chose the best school for me, given my interest in finance and international business and the fact that Columbia is known for its strong women's network. ... Overall, my experience at Columbia Business School has been extremely favorable. If I had the choice again, I still would choose Columbia.--Finance
Dean Hubbard is doing an excellent job in his first two years as the new Dean of Business School and I have no doubt that the school is going to be even better going forward under his leadership. --Finance
Columbia Business School surprised me in many ways - I felt challenged by my classmates and invigorated by the diversity of approaches and opinions. I was extremely involved in a variety of school clubs - this gave me the opportunity to further my career goals and give back to the community - an area that I think many programs do not focus on enough. The administration is generally open to hearing what students have to stay and support our efforts and help us affect change at Columbia Business School.--Finance
After having attended the Columbia program, I would attend it again in a heartbeat.--Investment Banking
以上補充資料1~5,版權宣告:
Copyright 2000- 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
All rights reserved.
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馬登批註: 千萬別相信哥大的創業課是真要你去創業的,多數修那些課的人都是想把自己搞進VC或是PE,極少數是真想創業的。
不信? 問畢業生去吧
4/01/2007
MBA心情之八:必看教戰守則! 用功仔找不到工作,free rider拿最好的offer,究竟為何? 你的MBA究竟要著重做哪些事情才能讓你拿到好offer?(續篇)
上回提到越多人知道你意向越好其實是很簡單的
因為消息出去了, 一群不跟你競爭同類職缺的同學就會很願意告訴你消息。
一來你對他們沒威脅性,一但上了還會感謝他們,二來你如果不上就會去搶他們的缺,所以快點讓你上了一個缺是對其他的人最快樂的。 (我好像覺得game theory可以拿來套用這狀況,但是我學的不好就不獻醜了。)
所以阿 出櫃要趁早
至於你會問.... 那跟我競爭的人怎辦?
他們豈不就不會給我update job opportunities了?
( well,我只能說,MBA這圈子從最搶求合作的幾家學校,到最競爭的幾家學校,其實大家都是一樣的競爭與一樣的自私,而且會流傳的八卦,能被探出的口風,早就都出去了,所以不會告訴你事情的人不論你有說沒說,都不會跟你說的。 這些人你就不用在意了)
MBA過程中最難分辨的問題就是友情的真假
(有些人只是把你當作完成他學位的利用對象罷了,對於這種人別得罪,但也不用期望太多。真小人好辨認,偽君子才是真難防)
MBA過程中最難的就是如何把作業都搞定
(所以有時候你也得利用他人,然而,基於平等互惠是人信賴的根本,我認為人家幫你多少,你一定也得先幫了人家多少,不然沒道理都是他人在付出。會有報應的)
MBA過程中大概都會經歷
1.一開始的互相熟悉階段 (感情好 全班好)
2.然後到了彼此認識的階段 (開始有人free rider永遠不來, 有人愛改其他人作業卻又罵人no contribution, 或是有人很努力但是quality很差--像我就是這樣, 還有很多很多)
3.然後最後是開始分念concentration科目,分別專心找自己走向的工作,大家開始各搞各的,多數選擇已經合作愉快的同學一起組隊 ,因為這樣才能省時省力又彼此多些互信讓自己多費心思到networking以及找工上
說了這麼多,到底要認識怎樣的朋友。 我會說,請深交兩種人
1. 真正志同道合,會變成一輩子好友的一群人
2. 會跟你有關的,能幫助你的,簡稱叫做貴人的一群人
前者會是你的核心群,原則上,這群人通常不會是改變你一生的人,也不會帶給你工作,但是會是你最可靠的盟友。
後者會是你的淺層群,原則上,這群人是你廣結善緣的成果,遇到利益衝突時不會幫上你,但在沒有利益衝突時卻可以提供你很多valuable information.
原因在於,通常志同道合的人,都是同一個圈子的人,或是相同性格,或是相同興趣,或是有一些" common"的地方。 這些人往往早已處在身邊而無法成為"新機會"的來源。 後者則否,正因為人多,層面廣,所以是你"新機會"的來源。 很多中國同學在國外不習慣mingling 不習慣去喝兩杯 或是想省些錢 這些都是要去克服的
因為在美國要生存就是那樣,你得習慣,得學會,外國人變熟的方式就是一群人在一起喝酒喝一喝就變熟變成朋友了。而且,還得習慣不只是要跟同一群好朋友一起出去,也得留些時間認識新朋友。 這是MBA會帶你訓練到的,但要不要作要看自己。 我知道很多人還是習慣苦讀,but hard working "in the wrong way" WONT BRING U A JOB!!!!
不用期待老外們會跟你走一塊兒,人種(ethnic)因素在全世界都還是無法消除的隔閡, 這就是Babel再講的東西。出國的也都知道,Asians一個圈,Hispanics一圈,Blacks一圈,高加索人一圈子,都一樣的。 然而,成不了Core依然可以成為很好的淺層關係,這個要如何利用,真的很看個人。 我能提醒各位的只有:
1.請積極
2.請無懼於開口 厚臉皮
3.請多施予 未來一切都會回來 在你不知道的一個時刻會忽然有人幫你一把
4.一個簡單概念--積極的隨緣 就這麼簡單 積極 但隨緣
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註:
以下是我跟某位Top B school students的對話 為保護當事人我就匿名吧:
只是給大家一個參考,有些老外真的很壞,把使喚你當作理所當然的。至於你要怎麼處理怎麼防,請運用你的智慧囉
A:
不過老外很會bs是真的
A:
就跟你寫的一樣 haha
A:
我不知道啦 跟老外相處 我現在是不會客氣
A:妳有這感覺吧 老外很喜歡凹老中做事
該要求她們做是
A: 向他要求我作 我就不會幫她做 不然會把我吃得死死的
M : 是阿 老外很會凹我們做事 作了之後他們覺得不好 就改掉 改了又說你沒貢獻 no contribution
M : 很不爽@@
M : 不過不是全部人都這樣 但有一群是這樣
M : 然後自己不忙就把時間拿去準備然後BS一堆然後拿到好offer
A : 唉
so, U get it ??
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3/25/2007
MBA心情之六-- 必看教戰守則! 用功仔找不到工作,free rider拿最好的offer,究竟為何? 你的MBA究竟要著重做哪些事情才能讓你拿到好offer?
本篇被我列為必看! 因為這裡面討論的議題非常爭議,也會點出中國and台灣學生常常不自知犯下的錯誤。
MBA是個很美國的東西,MBA的recruiting也是個很美式的東西,所以MBA求職也是得follow美國那套。
偏,求職上,中國式的思維常會是我們最無法克服的。
如何 " be aggresive" " be expressive"?? 恩...也許中國學生都該先上些演員訓練班課程,外加要練習用英文演。
以下進入正題: 最近跟某北美名校,拿到IBD offer的好朋友聊天,聊到一個北美Top級MBA光怪陸離的各種現象,其中這個Topic是我最想提出來跟看我文章的人聊的,那就是做Free rider的人常拿到IB,MC offer, 而很多用功個半死的人卻拿不到這類所謂頂級的offer,甚至畢業好久都拿不到offer。 這是為什麼?
用功不好嗎?Free rider這麼討厭的一群人,為什麼常常拿到頂級offer,而且拿了之後就做更多Free riding?
Ok, 我就先切成幾塊來分析這問題吧,以下簡單分成 1. recruitors需求面 2. 同學間的友情到底有幾份真 以及 3. 中國&台灣學生如何因應自己在外國的弱勢並增加就業成功機率。
1. Recruitors要哪種人? 簡而言之,他們要的是一群能在IB MC這種豺狼虎豹環伺的環境中,突顯自己,有sales潛力, be outstanding的人。 各位覺得IB在賣什麼? IB賣的東西虛無飄渺阿! 不懂得賣自己的人,又如何要雇主相信你會賣弄那套"專業財務操作服務”呢?? 正題來了,最用功的一群常常很多人不會賣自己。最會賣自己的常常不太需要用功。 我們要努力的是平衡這兩者!
其實很多用功中國的學生常常同時是一群喜歡默默作,卻不擅長表現,反應不夠快,表演能力不夠好的一群人。套用傳播理論: 我們認真、努力,但是我們認真努力的結果卻不容易傳遞到recruitor的眼中,因為我們encode的方式錯了,而recruitors才不可能改變 他們decode的方式來接收我們的訊息。 As a result, 我們相對而言不容易被"理解"。美國僱主看到我結巴,看到我慢慢去想要套哪個model,他們敢用我嗎? I doubt
在求學生活中接觸到一群相反的族群就是印度人。依照幾個朋友的看法,一樣在國外是弱勢族群,印度人卻很善用他們天生的一些技能去爭取offer,而把中國 學生打敗。印度人是怎樣的一群人呢?很會說,很會屁,說話如連珠炮對問題的反應快,邏輯上卻沒什麼大問題。然後,做作業作project卻是很糟XD,簡 單說,這群人會說話不會幹事,在中國標準簡直是該打下十八層地獄打屁股的員工。以上說法有點以偏概全,卻是一個general phenomenon,可是這樣的人卻容易在面試中成功拿到工作。相對的,很用功的中國and台灣學生在需要搶話的case教學下常常根本無法搶贏,為什 麼呢? 一是因為反應速度慢,二是即使反應快還有膽子問題,三是就算反應膽子都有了還得英文表達順暢。 這些都是我們的弱勢,都是我們要去爭取頂級offer必須克服的。
Recruitors還要哪種人,那就是會mingling,會schoomzing的人
什麼? 這兩個字太難沒學過? damn...你們這些去歐美 Top MBA的傢伙, 別跟我這能力不夠而留在亞洲的人鬧了。
你們看prison break, 看sex and city,每個人都比馬登我優秀,英文更是比我好,但這兩個字沒學過MBA就白學了, 因為這兩個字有時候比什麼5 force ,diamond, NPV來的還重要!!
這兩字簡單翻譯就是攀談、閒聊、也就是做networking的基本功。 常看到美國人找工作容易,除了他們沒有身分問題以外,最重要的就是他們會去做networking,去淺層關係中,找到一些潛在的機會。舉 例,在Top公司之外,有很多在當地十分好,十分優秀的公司,他們不像Top MNC 有招牌去吸引最優秀的一群人,但卻給的出Top MNC的薪水,這種機會,你難道不想去試? 糟糕的是中國人台灣人幾乎忽略這些公司的存在,白白把自己放到最競爭的圈子跟那些講英文跟喝水一樣簡單的白人打仗, 怎打?
我們出國要學習的是這種精神,拋下臉皮,鼓起膽子,不怕犯錯,去認識人,去看棒球看籃球,去閒聊攀談幫自己找機會的精神,然後去實踐它,而不是在美國這國家發揮我們愛唸書的精神,念了老半天也得有機會表現才有用,對嗎?
我也常聽到,有些人在國外,書不念,作業不做,考試都亂考,project都當free rider靠同學,可是卻拿到IBD or equity sales offers 為什麼? 很多人憤恨不平的覺得自己真是當笨蛋,這些人不幹事兒,自己忙死了幫他們做去cover,自己卻沒拿到offer。 究竟是為什麼呢?答案很簡單,他們把全力放在找機會,networking機會,找校友的機會,跟校友聊天,在高官兒面前展現自己的機會。 女孩子的話,就展現自己的長袖善舞,風采身段,語言能力等特質。男生的話,可能就是展現自己風趣健談。 這些人十分目標導向,以爭取工作為先,不顧小組作業的精神--毫不可取。但是他們爭取工作機會的方法卻是值得學習的,因為中國人往往有默默努力,好好用功,工作就會找上門來的錯覺.....大錯特錯了,即便你是鑽石,埋在土裡又有誰人知呢?
下面同學們的友情考驗,以及如何增加自己找工作成功率,明天再繼續談。 先來個提示,此提示來自於某M7就讀中的同學名言,我個人認為十二萬分可取之
" 如果你/妳已經確定志向,產業以及職能都很明確,請不吝嗇的及早讓人知道,讓越多同學、學長姐、甚至校友知道越好! As many as you can! 千萬別以為這樣會製造敵人,這樣不但不會製造敵人,反而是製造很多很多的盟友! 讓你未來面試機會無往不利 "
原因為何 明天再敘
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Comment
看了的確很有感觸阿 大哥
尤其是最近知道水果公司在本校的offer被一個硬生生扛著水果牌NB進去面試的愛說大話老美拿到...
在同學的consulting group project死要當team leader卻什麼事都不做擺濫的印度人也拿到offer後....
"如何表現自己" 的確是找intern的大學問
你好樣的,每日瀏覽人數已經比我隨性發表的部落格還要多了嘛,人氣很
旺,讚讚讚:)
繼續加油呀
其實本篇真的是我在MBA的環境中,自身體驗,外加與各地M7,
Top15 MBAs current students聊過之後得到的很重要的心得。 列為必看不是沒道理的:P
我的想法,Free riding -->不可取。
只會大話(香港人說大話,臺灣人說話虎爛,中國人說瞎扯!)-->也不可取。 ps我人在香港自然要尊重港式中文一下。
但是如何學理論(theory)、學架構(framework)、學模組模塊(model)這些硬功夫的同時,還學會MBA最重要的
"軟功夫"也許才是兩岸三地,我稱為"泛中國"學生最該學習的。
Softskills包括leadership, 包括表演能力,甚至服裝、姿態、眼神,總稱我命名為"自我銷售的能力"這點,
很多MBA沒有教,因為他們Assume我們會自己自發而學。然而,這塊卻非中國人所長 我們得自己學會
11/22/2006
What is I-Banking ?(什麼是投行?)
不少网友对投行以及其它金融行业都表现出了很大的兴趣。不过有不少道听途说的传闻并不可信。而且很多帖子对一些概念定义比较混乱,不少人甚至对投行干些什么都不甚清楚。我在这里科普一下,众位大牛不要见笑。这个帖子侧重于介绍金融的一些职业分工,以及简单的职业道路介绍。
整 个金融行业大致分为buyside和sellside两大类。sellside做的主要是把各种asset变成各种金融产品,提供给市场。 sellside主要指的是通常意义上的投行。投行内部结构也很复杂,按照产品分大致分为fixedincome和equity两大类。按照业务分大致分 为IBD,sales&trading,equityresearch,assetmanagement(这部分和buyside性质是类似的) 等。IBD是最传统的投资银行业务,靠近的是corporate一边;sales&trading主要进行产品销售和交易,有时候投行会扮演 marketmaker的角色以保持市场的流通性。
buyside主要进行的是投资管理的业务,所以也称为IM(investmentmanagement)或者AM(assetmanagement),主要由各种机构投资者组成,包括mutualfund,hedgefund,pensionfund等等。
就careerpath 来说,很难说谁好谁不好,关键看每个人的特长和个性。IBD适合工作热情高涨,吃苦耐劳的人。sales适合善于人际交往的人。trading适合能承受 巨大压力,并且对市场感觉敏锐的人。equityreasearch适合做事踏实的人。一般来说IBDcareerpath比较按部就班,需要熬年头,能 熬上去的不仅需要良好的业务能力也需要强健的体魄。tradercareerpath风险很大,可能在2年之内就毁了前程,也可能在很短的时间内平步青 云。我知道一个顶尖的trader从associate升到director只用了2年。sellsideequityresearch行业前景有一定问 题,因为regulation越来越倾向让research保持独立性以保护投资者。
Buyside总体来说lifestyle比sellside好,收入也超过sellside。不过,进buyside也远远难于进sellside。
注:当今金融产业之庞大和复杂远远超过常人想象,在整个金融产业链上还有着很多细分的行业,这里就不一一列举。
补充一下,帖子的职业分工主要是指成熟市场的情况。国内情况有所不同。
金 融领域的开放让国内很多年轻的朋友一下子豁然开朗。不过随之而来的是扭曲的价值观:进投行的是牛人,进四大的是凡人,进企业的是土人之类。在此还想表明以 下我一向的观点:工作本身没有等级之分,我决不赞成投行就比四大“高级”之说。任何一个人能在本行干的出色的才是牛人。选择职业道路应该看自己喜欢干什 么,自己能够干什么,然后尽量在二者之间取得平衡。如果一心只想往“高级”的工作钻的话,可能回头看来还是一事无成。
hedgefund中 文翻译成“对冲基金”,这个翻译是准确的。不过有意思的是,现在主流的hedgefund往往做的不是hedge,相反很多hedgefund对一些市场 趋势进行大胆的speculation(中文是投机,贬义词,英语的原意是中性的,是hedge的反义词,表示承担风险而获取超常的收益)。如果把 hedgefund和国内的情形联系起来看,更准确的翻译应该是“私募基金”。这个意义上而言国内存在hedgefund已经已经有些年头了,只不过因为 法律界定而没有露出水面。现在管理层正在进行私募基金合法化的进程,应该很快就能成为正大光明的一支金融力量。(国内现在往往把PE翻译成“私募基金”是 不准确的,下文还有相关论述)
在成熟市场上hedgefund通常是相对于mutualfund而言。其差别是:mutualfund是公开招募,并且公开交易的开放型基金。国内市场上交易的开放型基金大多数属于mutualfund。而hedgefund则大多是私下招募,并且封闭的基金。
在 全球金融市场,hedgefund已经成为一支举足轻重的角色。从东南亚金融危机到最近两年的商品期货的超级牛市都可以见到hedgefund的身影。由 于hedgefund收益率普遍高于mutualfund,最近几年全球范围的hedgefund都取得了快速的成长。再加上全球性资本过剩,现在几个 billion的fund都算很小的。
稍微提一下对冲的概念。对冲是一种控制金融风险的手段。举个例子来说,如果你买了100股股票,然后 又担心股票下跌,你就可以再买一个认沽100股的期权(putoption)进行对冲。最后无论股票怎么跌,最差的结果就是你以putoption的执行 价(strike)卖掉手中的股票。
和对冲相关但比较容易混淆的概念是套利(arbitrage)。套利是指把所有相关风险完全对冲掉以后 可以获取的无风险收益。比如说中国银行的美元牌价是8,门口黄牛的牌价是7.8,你可以用7.8人民币从黄牛那里换1美元,随后马上拿一美元换给BOC变 成8元人民币,毫无风险的赚了0.2元。
就职业而言buyside和sellsidelink最多的是tradingdesk。双方的人马 几乎是对应的。基本上都设有:trading,structure和research几块。一般来说sellside研究力量更为强大,buyside很 多基本信息都依靠sellside取得。sellsidestructure侧重的是如何将金融产品合理定价,而buyside侧重于如何搞出模型更好的 预测市场的变化。(本质是一样的)双方的trader做的事情倒是殊途同归。
当投行根据buyside要求设计出金融产品后,双方达成交 易。然后投行一般会尽快地通过相关交易对冲产品风险,而buyside这时候一般是“一切尽在掌握”,因为买到手中的产品完全是根据自己的判断而订制的。 这时候,双方是合作伙伴关系,大家赚自己的利润。另外有些时候,投行也会takeposition,这种时候双方都是marketplayer,关系也就 变成你死我活的博弈了。
把业务上的link讲完后,职业上的link也就水到渠成了。双方trader作的事情十分接近,互相之间的跳槽也 就十分普遍。research而言,投行的比较focus也比较辛苦,所以一般更加愿意往buyside跳,不过buyside本来也不需要很多的 research,跳槽并不容易。structure是双方都需要的,虽然侧重不同,但都是通的,互相之间都有跳。
上面说的都是投行的市场一头。回过头说IBD(传统投行业务),更多的是和企业打交道,而不是和市场打交道。反之,buyside都是和市场大交道。所以IBD一般不容易转buyside。
由于国内这些年出现了很多成功风投的案例,大家已经不太陌生,这里简单的介绍一下PE。
国 内很多地方把PE(privateequity)翻译成“私募基金”,这显然是不熟悉金融市场的人“顾名思义”所致。诚如上文所述,私募基金接近于 hedgefund的概念(相对于mutualfund)。而PE是一个相对于publicequity的概念。我个人将其翻译成“非上市融资”,现在国 内比较被认可的翻法是“私人股权融资”。
现在vc/pe是一个很时髦的词,无论在美国还是在国内。在美国火爆的原因是最近几年PE的收益率都明显好过publicmarket,导致PE的规模快速膨胀。在国内火爆的原因就比较复杂了。
其 实现在vc/pe差异已经不是十分明显,很多时候人们把VC看成是pe的一种。如果进行划分的话,二者主要区别在于对targetcompany投资阶段 的不同。vc主要投资于公司发展早期,从种子阶段到上市前不等。而pe主要投资于有稳定现金流,businessmodel比较成熟的公司。PE最经典的 做法是LBO(leveragebuyout),核心是将现金充沛而又失去发展动力的上市公司goprivate,通过大财务杠杆使公司有紧迫感,从而为 股东提供更大的收益。
喜欢看电影的朋友一定知道《风月俏佳人》,其中理查基尔干的就是PE。片中罗伯茨问他你到底是干嘛的,回答颇为经典:“总而言之我干的就是把一家公司买下来,然后再拆成一块一块卖”。(注:这只是PE做法的一种,并不是全部)
vc/pe 是金融市场中最直接和企业打交道的分支。vc做的是整天看businessplan(bp),从中找出有前途的bp以及执行团队,随后进行价值评估以及投 资。根据公司不同,有些vc会强烈的参与公司经营管理,有些则没有。pe更多的是寻找有前途的被收购公司,并且进行金融改造。vc/pe最终的的目的都是 找一个更好的价钱把公司股份卖掉推出,从而进入新的循环。具体操作方法VC/PE在其他很多地方都是不同的,有兴趣的朋友可以进一步讨论。
现 在可以把金融产业链简单的串一串。在一个企业IPO之前,公司都是private的,这一阶段可以参与融资的就是VC/PE。当企业需要上市,这时投行就 参与进来,对公司价值进行精确评估,然后公开招募。这时候,企业自己或者vc/pe提供的股份是原材料,投行将其加工成金融行业认可的“股票”。公开上市 前后,buyside就会进行认购。接下来就是二级市场上的各方博弈了。
金融的原始定义是为买足企业发展需要进行的各种融资,因此金融必定 有企业和市场两级。企业这级是金融行业的生存之本,市场这级可以看作金融行业发展壮大的动力。投行作用是金融产业链的hub,一端联系着企业,另一端联系 着市场。企业这端是实实在在的,可以说资本主义出现后的几百年都没有太大的变化。而市场这一端则越来越庞大并且趋向虚无。很多衍生金融产品最早的出现是为 了满足风险公职的需求,但很快变成一些豪赌的利器。会计师事务所的地位是保证企业(无论privateorpublic)企业原始数据的真实性,从而使其 他机构可以对企业价值进行进一步的评估。如果没有会计师的存在,整个金融行业就会陷入一片混乱。因而会计师有“经济警察”之称。
整体而言,金融业连接企业一端的工作核心更侧重于对于企业价值的评估,金融连接市场一段的工作的核心侧重于市场风险的控制以及对市场方向的判断。因为对技能要求的不同,两端互相转都比较困难。相反,只要在金融产业链的同一端,转行至少都是有逻辑上的可行性的。
轉貼自我的好友Charlenshen的文章http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=81&ID=267661&page=1
这几天比较有空,看了点乱七八糟的 Career 方面的数据,有些挺有意思的,可以分享出来给大家看看,整理的不好或是有误导的地方,请不要客气指正一下。
很多人都在问:「IB 是什么?」IB 的全文是 Investment Banking,意即投资银行,这行业可是目前的大热门,许多 MBA 毕业生都挤破了头想进入这个行业,薪水高,工作操,没日没夜的熬夜却可以带来极高的成就感。IB 主要分成四个部门:Corporate Finance, Sales & Trading, Research and Syndicate,以下粗浅的分门别类介绍一下。
1. Corporate Finance:
主要在搞并购 (M&A), initial public offering (IPO), and Issuring of Bond and Equity。职位阶层大略分为 Analyst, Associate, VP, MD 这四种,依不同公司有点区别。部门主要在联系想并购或是上市的公司与买家 (buy-siders),或是替公司提供集资的方法。想进入这个领域的人,不但财务分析方面的技能重要,而良好的沟通能力更重要。
Corporate Finance 工作分成三个流程: Hiring the Managers, Due Diligence/Drafting, and Marketing。假设 A 公司要发行股票,A 公司必须先雇用一个或多个 the managers 帮他们搞这些细节并寻找 buy-siders,雇用的过程就像选美大会那样,如果案子很大的话,会找 co-managers,这些 managers 会分享 IPO 的利润。Due diligence 主要就是搞数字跟撰写 prospectus (S-1),这过程 Analysts and Associates 要负责了解这个公司的经营状况还有同产业发展的状况与潜力,才能为他们的 IPO 定股价出来。写完的 prospectus 将会呈现给 investors,用来吸引有兴趣的 buy-siders,因此格外重要。Marketing 的过程主要就是 VP and MD 要拿去 roadshow,和 institutional investors and potential buyers 搞 meeting。通常不到最后一秒钟,这些买家都不会决定要不要买,所以不确定性很高。
如果是 Bond offerings 的工作,比较不像 IPO 那么累,因为这些 case 一般比较小。公司会考虑市场股价状况,不想 dilute 自己的 stock price,或是想避税等原因来发行公司债。发行公司债的话,公司的 prospectus and credit rating 都很重要,因为会影响之后支付的 coupon interests 还有销售,bond rating 越差的风险越高,公司所支付的成本也越高。
M&A 的情况,被并购的公司股价一开始会上涨,代表 sell-side 的 bankers 一般也比较轻松,因为市场上的买卖过程,有时候不是想买想并购就可以轻松找到卖家,buy-side 的 bankers 通常要等上好几个月搞不好都接不到 case,因此 buy-side bankers 工作压力会比较大。一般 M&A 可以拿大约 7% 的 commission fee。有时候发行股票的公司并不想直接go public,bankers 会找 venture capitalists 来买这家公司的股票,通常VC是持有小于50% 的股权,bankers 可以赚 5%-7% 的佣金;如果是 M&A case,持有股权会大于50%。
有时 IB 会帮公司做 financial restructurings or organizational restructuring,这工作是帮已经破产的公司调整 debt obligations, issuring new debt and restructuring payables to vendors。通常 IB 是 charge minimal monthly retainers,而且业务相对稳定,佣金也高。
Analyst 主要雇用大学毕业生,薪水大约 $55K - $65K,bonus 约 $30K,工作量都是搞财务报表,写 pitchbooks ,或是一些很基础的工作,虽说是基础,但也应用了不少财务方面的知识。MBA 毕业生出来多半是 Associate 的工作,薪水大约是 $80K-$90K,bonus $35K or up。通常第二年以后的薪水会跳到 $250K-$400K 左右。VP 一般要开始联系上面的 MD,出差开会,还要管下面的 Analysts and Associates,薪水从一开始的 $100K-$200K 底薪加很高的 bonus,一般总数会到 $500K 以上。MD 工作主要是联系客户 (公司或投资人),搞 pitches (meeting) ,找 deal,跟产业界搞关系,开发研究新产业,新客户,通常薪水在 $1M以上。
Pitchbooks 主要是要用在选美大会上,作用在:推销 IB 的 reputation,过去业务的 performance,良好的研究团队及与 underwriters 的专业。IB 一般会把客户的股价在 pitchbooks 上先做 valuations,如果估价越高,越有可能拿到这笔生意。Pitch 一般是 MD, VP and research analysts, syndicate department 参加,还会有 lawyers, accountants 列席。
Due diligence 要花上 6-10 weeks,这时候要协调许多冲突,要印制一万多份的 prospectus,印好了要拿去设计 roadshow 的内容 ,等到一切搞定要送去给 SEC 审核,过了以后 roadshow 开始,吸引投资人,等到确定买主,上市!
2. Sales & Trading
通常这两个是坐在一起的,Sales 靠卖出股票的 commission 赚钱,traders 靠 bid-ask spread (价差) 赚钱 (ask 是高价,bid 是低价),所以工作时冲突四起。Traders 主要是帮忙找出市场上变动的股价,Sales 负责接单,因此这两个工作的工时都很固定,不需要加班。
Traders 负责看 inventory,如果没有 inventory 可以买卖,traders 会用借的,可是借了要还,因此 trader 得要锁订还的价格 (赶快从市场上买过来还),不然会赔钱,这个过程叫做 short-selling。有时 traders 会运用 hedge fund,期货,或是 derivatives or exchange rate 来寻求市场隐藏的利益。Traders 工作职位会朝向 full-fledged traders and managers 迈进。很需要 Quant skills,如果对年底的 bonus 不满就会跳槽。
Sales 通常要很会跟客户哈拉,做到大的会有 institutional salesperson and private clients services (PCS),工作会比较轻松,薪水 $80K + bouns $25K,但是久了也会无聊,而且最后其实是纯拿 commission 的。Sales 的工作主要是要 build a book (客户联系表),累积客户,一开始大概薪水是 $200K,久了以后可以达到 $500K 以上,而且会认识很多大公司的 CEO or CFO。工作性质要了解客户的投资习性,了解市场方向与投资分配,懂得跟他们沟通与博感情,这样才会成功。
每天早上交易前 S&T 都要跟 IB 的人开会,讨论今天有啥股票要上市,有多少存货,或是那些投资人的意图,市场新消息,产业方向等等,之后还会开小组会议,然后交易。
IPO 的利润:
60% to sales
20% to corporate finance
20% to syndicate
如果有 expenses or fees,就从 syndicate 那边扣掉。
3. Research department
这些人的分级是: research assistant, research associate:负责研究同一产业之后晋升 senior, research analyst (MBA graduates; 销售能力要好,要对产业动态很熟,懂得转换部门,跟对人;做得好的有一个叫做 Institutional Investor ranking 的排名,有排到的话薪水会三级跳)
Research 主要是在做 initiation of coverage, update and change of rating。通常一开始研究新产业,大概要花半年左右,之后四月份等公司财报出来以后,要赶快 update 消息,避免投资人损失,也检讨自己的错估,然后要更改公司的债券 rating。工作内容型态分成 Market commentary, Economic commentory, Fixed income commentary。做这行的要小心利益冲突,而且给出买卖的建议一定要仔细研究,必要的时候要 travel 去研究客户的 performance 以及影响的产业,懂得会计的公式跟 ratio,了解每个事件所代表的意义跟影响。
4. Syndicate department:
这合行业主要是在调和 investors, managers, underwriters and firms 的关系;并且做 pricing & allocation。通常 IPO 的投资人到最后一秒钟都会反悔,不确定性很高,因此 syndicate 的工作是在避免这些事情发生,并且要搞一点公司的政治关系。一般这些人能言善道,很懂得搞 buyer and seller 之间为了股价产生的冲突。不过这个部门 job opening 很少,都是 internal hiring 或是直接从产业找合适的人选。
匆忙中写得很乱,有錯的砸小力奌。
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我的結論是.....
再見 Investment banking
我大概不會再去丟任何一家IB的工作了
真的 我跟你無緣 從個性上 興趣上 能力上 全都跟你無緣
如果哪一天 你們這邊買空賣空的工作機器們忽然想成立internet IB dep作online IBD
到時候你們自己再來花三千萬挖我做dep head吧 我還不一定想去咧
懶的理你們了 I banking , so long
Comment
就知道丟投行的時間可以全部省下來吃飯了 哈哈哈
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